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History 113

2022 Spring | for K. Rollwagen. Resources & Strategies for Research Assignments
From Katharine...

Primary Source Analysis, Part 1 – Finding and analyzing a source                                              

Primary sources are the “raw materials” of historical narratives. They are the surviving fragments of the past that historians use to understand and interpret for present-day readers. Your task is to work as a historian to analyze the primary source of your choice.  You will need to know what type of primary source you have and how historians critically “read” documents and images to better understand and represent the past. Your primary source could be a written source (a newspaper article, government report, memoir, etc.), a visual source (a photograph or video clip), or an audio source (a radio clip, for example).

What evidence do these documents/images provide? How should they be interpreted? What other information do you need in order to understand what they are saying?

Once you have selected a primary source, use Bethany Kilcrease’s CRAAP test to analyze it. As you consider the source’s currency, relevance, authority, accuracy, and purpose, you must also introduce and describe the source briefly. Keep in mind that every source has a perspective – all sources are biased. Your task is to describe and understand the source’s perspective and how it could fit within a particular historical narrative.

Your primary source analysis should be 500-750 words in length and include a bibliography that cites your primary source using the Chicago Manual of Style. It is due Thursday, February 7 by 11:59 pm. Please upload your assignment as a .docx or .pdf file to the Assignment Folder on VIULearn.


Primary Source Analysis, Part 2 – Contextualizing and Interpreting a source                        

Building on the skills you practiced in the first primary source analysis, this second assignment requires you to do some secondary research to help you understand a primary source more fully. You need to select a different primary source than the one you used for your first assignment. You also need to find at least three scholarly secondary sources that are related to your primary source. These could be historical journal articles, book chapters, or books that cover the same time period, events, and themes as the primary source.

You will use the secondary sources you find to conduct a deeper analysis of the primary source you’ve chosen. After reading your secondary sources carefully, you’ll need to determine the significance of your primary source. How does it fit within this existing scholarship? Your analysis must:

Present an argument about how this particular source fits within existing historical knowledge. What is its impact? Does it represent a majority view of the events in question? Does it reinforce or support the arguments that historians have made (in the secondary sources) about this topic? Or does it contradict, challenge, or raise questions about their arguments?
Introduce the topic and the primary source – assume your reader is someone with only a basic understanding of the history of Canada post-1945.
Describe the broader historical context in which your source was created and which help to explain the content, purpose, and audience of the source.
Consider questions that arise for you when you contrast and compare the primary source with the arguments presented in the secondary literature. What questions does this raise for you?
Use Chicago Style

Your second primary source analysis should be 1200-1500 words in length and include footnotes or endnotes, as well as a bibliography, in which all sources are cited in Chicago Style.  It is due Thursday, March 23 by 11:59. Please upload your assignment as a .docx or .pdf file to the Assignment Folder on VIULearn.


Group Presentation: “Canadian Prime Ministers in 10 Words”                                             

For this assignment, groups of three students will select or be assigned a prime minister from the period between 1945 and 2015. After careful research, each group will choose 10 words that are significant to that Prime Minister and his/her time in office. During the presentation, each group will write these words on the board and explain why these words are significant in understanding this particular prime minister and their time in office. Each presentation should be 5 minutes in length. There is no written component for this assignment, and a written submission cannot be submitted in place of participation.

Use the VIU Library database to find credible historical sources about this Prime Minister. This isn’t a biographical assignment – you want to focus on their time in office, not their early lives or other careers. You can start with encyclopedic sources (like the Canadian Dictionary of Biography, online), but you will need to find and read book chapters and journal articles to get a deeper sense of the most significant events, policies, and ideas of the specific time they were in office. Select 10 words that are significant to the Prime Minister, and prepare explanations to justify each word choice.



From Katharine...

  • CLIP – any collections from people who were part of the Korean War?
  • Women’s Magazine archive (Chatelaine) or other magazines or newspapers
  • UBC Open Collections or City of Vancouver Archives?
  • Rise Up! Digital Feminist Archive
  • Archives of Lesbian Oral Testimony (https://alotarchives.org/browse/collections)
  • CBC digital archives
  • National Film Board of Canada
  • Remembering Africville: A source guide (https://www.halifax.ca/about-halifax/municipal-archives/source-guides/africville-sources)

See also:

By learning about and considering the content and perspectives evident in or suggested by a primary source, we can develop questions that can be further investigated and contextualized through reading in secondary sources.

For example, I might have the idea that I would like to understand more about the history and context related to this stained glass image.

Idea:  Stained glass image: Passage of Life: Nurse Tree and Elder

 

Passage of Life: Nurse Tree and Elder. Retrieved from: https://www.glassincanada.org/our-building/our-lady-of-seven-sorrows-church/

Retrieved from https://www.glassincanada.org/our-building/our-lady-of-seven-sorrows-church/ 2023 January 23

To get started, what do I know, and what questions might we have?

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I might carry on to search for information based on what I know, looking through and learning from what I find in order to form and improve further search queries.

For example, looking elsewhere on the same site where I found this image, I find other related images, and a paper that discusses them. What use might I make of these?

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As I build both awareness, and understanding of gaps, I can articulate questions that might be viable for inquiry and discussion. What might be some examples?

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In a short paper I may not be able to address all or many of the questions that I come up with. I may have to choose one or two, or possibly three, related ones. But early in the research process, don't hesitate to generate many possible questions. Asking a lot of questions can help with perceiving the dimensions and complexity of the topic, what may be well studied or less well known about it, and with prioritizing what you might like to address.

Exploring the dimensions of the topic...

As you go, it can be helpful to note words, phrases, key place or organization or personal names that you come across as you read and reflect, including relationships and hierarchies among concepts, synonyms or alternate spellings or expressions of ideas, and which words and phrases turn out to be effective search terms.

Developing the research question is closely related to effective search strategy. Concepts and key words that emerge through early stage reading, thinking about and working with the topic, can help to refine search strategy and improve search results.

For example, I might start out by searching:

Indigenous "stained glass"

As I learn more about what I am researching, I can apply what I learn to broaden so that search results are either more comprehensive or more focused. For example:

("first nations" OR aboriginal OR indigenous OR "indians of north america" OR "native peoples") (spiritual* OR religio* OR church) ("artistic expression") canad*


Once search results address the subject of inquiry in a satisfactory way, it's time to think about the diverse types of sources in the list, and how to surface sources that will support the assignments for this course: scholarly, secondary sources.

Look for filters:

  • Peer-reviewed --
  • but be aware that applying the peer-reviewed filter eliminates books & ebooks.
    Books & ebooks in your long list of search results may be assessed for appropriateness using other indicators.
  • Other filters may be useful if your search results are large: discipline, subject, content type, date.

Good places to start searching:

Tracing the conversation

One useful article may help to locate others. For example, I could start with this paper:

https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/15652126/the-stained-glass-windows-of-our-lady-of-seven-sorrows-church-

Look at references (footnotes, endnotes, bibliography) to trace the sources the author used...

 

In this case, related books and news articles are found in the Library collection. e.g.

Books:

Visualizing theory: selected essays from V.A.R., 1990-1994

by Castaing-Taylor, Lucien. 1994

Check Availability, GN347 .V575 1994

Father Lacombe

by MacGregor, James Grierson 1975

Check Availability, BV 2813 .M27 cran, Nanaimo

News articles:

Church art shows Indian Jesus

by O'Farrell, Elaine

Windspeaker, 02/1989

 


Tracing sources forward using Google Scholar "cited by," and explore other sources that used the same body of sources as an interesting book or articles by clicking on the "related articles" link. 

Google Scholar Search

Selected resources for Chicago Style help:

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