Scholarly and academic research may also appear in books- not just in a journal. Scholarly/academic books may be identified through characteristics that include:

• Academic or university press publisher, e.g.:
  • Brill
  • University of Calgary Press
     
• Editor and/or author credentials, e.g.:
  • Beaty, Bart and Rebecca Sullivan. Canadian Television Today. Calgary: University of Calgary Press, 2006. Web.
  • Inkster, I. (2012). History of technology. New York;London;: Bloomsbury Academic.
     
• Inclusion of the book or chapters in an academic index or database such as Google Scholar, e.g.:
  • Haigh, T. (2011). Technology’s other storytellers: Science fiction as history of technology. Science Fiction and Computing: Essays on Interlinked Domains, NC, USA and London, UK, 13-37.